Seamless tube manufacturing process- know about all process in brief

In this article, you will learn about the manufacturing of seamless tube manufacturing. The introduction of the advance rolling mill technology and its growth during the first 19th century also placed in the tube manufacturing industries. Toward the end of the century, different types of process are available for manufacturing of seamless tubes, hence the production process became available for the manufacturers. The production volume of tubes has increased due to its vast demand in the industrial and engineering sectors.

Below are some manufacturing processes of seamless tubes:

1# mandrel mill process

In this type of manufacturing process, a steel billet is heated and pushed to a forging process in the rotary furnace. It is induced in the cylindrical hollow which is also known as mother hollow. this is produced from the help of rotary piercer. The set of roller arrangement keeps piercer at the center of the steel billet. The OD is same approx that of the inside diameter of the finished tube. Due to the secondary roller arrangements outside diameters and thickness are achieved. In order to maintain temperatures, tubes are processed for reheating furnace that increases the temperature of the tubes.

2# forging process to manufacture seamless tube manufacturing:

In a Forging operation, a billet is heated and placed in forging die that has a somewhat larger diameter than a finished tube.  The hydraulic press has a forging hammer have the same inside diameter of the tube that is used to create cylindrical forging. After the forging operation, it is machined to achieve the desired dimension. Generally, the forging operation is used to produce large diameter stainless steel 304 seamless tubes that cannot be manufactured using standard operations. The forged tubes are used for high heating applications.

3# Extrusion operation for seamless tube manufacturing process:

It is the same as the forging operation, the heated billet is placed between the die. The hydraulic ram pushes the steel billet against the piercing mandrel. Hence, the billet passed from the cylindrical cavity between die and mandrel. This operation produces the billet to the tube. In some cases, tubes manufactured with a high thickness which is known as mother hollow cavity. Many manufacturers used the mother hollow to manufacture tube with the different dimension with extrusion operations.

4# Plug mill process:

This process was invented by German engineer Mannesmann. The main difference between a mandrel and plug mill process is that in mandrel process used to achieve the inside diameters. On the other hand, by plug mill process multi-stage reduction is possible. So the greater thickness reduction is achieved. In this process, the heat treatment process is performed.

The manufacturing material is processed from different heat treatment process such as normalizing, quenching, tempering, solution Annealing, stress relieving, and other combination of the heat treatment process. The finished tubes are processed from various quality test stages for quality assurance. Those tests include a hardness test, leakage test, compression test, mechanical test, PMI test, radiographic test, and IGC test. Other tests are pitting corrosion test, destructive test, ultrasonic test and more.

This is all about the manufacturing of seamless tubes.

Know about nickel Alloys and its resistance to corrosive environments

In 1751, the nickel (Ni) was discovered in Stockholm, Sweden by A.F Cronstedt and added to the periodic table. Nickel is a silver whitish metal that is found on sulfide and arsenic ores. It is derived by roasting to NiO and reducing the carbon elements. Carbonyl process is used to manufacture pure nickel grade. On the other hand, the impure nickel grade reacts with carbon monoxide to form Ni (CO) 4. This is subsequently decomposed at 200 deg C to succumb nickel alloy.

The pure nickel grade has resistance to corrosion in water or air. Thus, it is used as a protective coating. The nickel grade is malleable, ductile and readily soluble in dilute acids, however, the alkalis will not affect it.

The nickel grades are widely used, ranging from industrial to engineering applications. Mainly, the nickel grade is used as a constituent of different types of alloys. Additionally, these are utilized as a protective coating in the food and chemical processing industries. It is known as a carcinogen. Nickel is also an allergen to certain individuals. However, it is a part of many dietetic constituents, and hence cannot be removed easily.

The brief description of nickel alloy:

It is a commercially pure (CP) grade having the properties that are ideal for several fields, mainly in chemical processing and electronics applications. It has great resistance to many reducing chemicals and is matchless resistance to caustic alkalies. The commercially pure nickel has high thermal and electrical conductivity. The nickel alloys have higher core temperatures and also possess good magnetostrictive properties. In the annealed condition the nickel grade has a low hardness and good ductility and malleability. These properties are joined with great readability makes it highly fabricable.

Nickel Alloy is divided into 2 grade 200 and 201. Nickel alloy 200 Round Bars has a relatively low work hardening rate; however, it can be cold worked to achieve moderately high strength and maintains ductility. The nickel alloys have good mechanical properties and outstanding resistance to many corrosive environments. Some other salient features of an alloy are its magnetic properties, low gas content, low vapor pressure, and more.

The corrosion resistance of nickel alloys makes it particularly useful for maintaining product purity in the handling of synthetic fibers, and other demanding media. These are used in the structural applications where corrosion resistance is the prime issue.

The nickel alloy is considered as the superalloy due to its features offers to any application. These are easily alloyed with any types of alloying elements and enhance their properties. The nickel alloys offer great resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion cracking in the environments that contain warm chlorides. These can be exposed to elevated temperatures without any elongation and distortion.

The nickel grade offer service in the exposure of harsh chemicals such as nitric acids, sulfuric acids, phosphoric acids, and other harsh acids. Advantageously, these are inherent to the application in organic and inorganic compounds. In the mild cyclic environments, nickel alloys offer service while retaining its structure and offering less erosion. These are well suited for the chromium carbide precipitation range.

Types of steel pipes and uses in piping industries

 Since the manufacturing process has greatly changed and has become more complex. The industries are involved in producing a variety of ranges of pipes that suits the demands and requirement of the clients. There are many types and range of steel pipes available in the market that is offered by the companies.  All these types of steel pipes have different features and properties that make it useful as per its suitability.

Talking about the steel alloy, these consider carbon and iron including with a small percentage of other metals like aluminium, chromium, and nickel. Combining with other elements these steel pipes forms other ranges and types. Here are the types of steel pipes mention below-

Carbon Steel Pipes – These are a range of steel pipes that are designed from the proportion of carbon content adding up with iron content.  Similarly, carbon steel exhibits superior resistance to corrosion and durability. Apart from these are further categorized into four types based on the amount of carbon included in the alloy. These are low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, and very high carbon steel. These pipes are extensively used in many industries basically in oil, gas transmission, automobiles, etc.  This pipe holds superb workability, ductility, strength and is safe to use.

Alloy Steel Pipes– By its name it suggests that these pipes are formed with a specified amount of other elements. The major alloying element, it includes is manganese, chromium, nickel, titanium, aluminium, and copper. This alloy steel pipe is considered a workhorse of many industries due to its extensive availability, inexpensive cost, and ease of processing.  Due to its exceptional performance properties, these are used in oil refineries, power generations, petrochemicals, chemical plants and in sugar mills. The addition of elements imparts superior corrosion resistance to pipes. Furthermore, it possesses good strength, ductility, mechanical properties and durability that enable to withstand in high-temperature circumstances.

Stainless Steel Pipes- These steel pipes have belonged to the family of steel that generally comprises 10 to 30% of chromium in addition to low carbon content. Furthermore, these include molybdenum, titanium, copper, nitrogen, aluminium and nickel content. This addition of content imparts superior useful properties that enhance superior resistance to corrosion and formability.  Therefore on the surface of the steel, the presence of chromium content creates a thin layer of the oxide that is known as the passive layer that provides great prevention from further corrosion.

These stainless steel 321H pipes exhibit superior resistance to crevice and stress corrosion cracking in elevated temperatures. To increase impact resistance and strength of the pipes these are properly heat treated. These pipes are used in various industrial applications such as pharmaceutical, oil and gas applications,  food production and in power generations.

 The manufacturing of these ranges of steel pipe is done with the use of high quality of raw material and with highly advanced machinery. These are the most common types and range that is utilized worldwide and are highly appreciable by the clients.

Temperature range of Stainless Steel 304 Vs 316

Stainless steel has good strength and good corrosion resistance ability in higher temperature environments. The most searched SS grade is 304 and 316, due to the prominent features it offers to the applications. These grades are extensively used in many application ranges from moderate temperatures to high temperatures such as superheaters, heat exchangers, valves and other heating applications. However, their heat capacities differ from each other that vary its properties.

Temperature range of 304 grades:

SS 304 grade is from the 300 series of austenitic stainless steel modified with controlled carbon chemistry for increased strength up to 1500 deg F. UNS S30400 is a unified numbering system of 304 grades. Generally, it is the modified version of 18/8 chromium and nickel base austenitic alloy. The carbon content present on it about 0.04 % to 10 % that increases its strength above 800 deg F. It is the most cost-effective and versatile alloy suitable for a wide range of applications.

Stainless Steel 304 Tubes has good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and many organic and inorganic compounds in moderately oxidizing to severe reducing conditions. It has the highest chromium content that provides resistance to oxidizing agents such as nitric acids up to 176 deg F temperature.

This grade also opposes harsh organic acids like acetic acids. In addition to the nickel, it offers resistance to moderate reducing solutions like phosphoric acids even in the higher concentration too. This grade can offer service in caustic solutions free of chlorides at nominal temperatures.

The hot working temperature of this grade is between 1652 deg F to 2102 deg F, the same temperature is recommended for the hot working process. In order to acquire maximum corrosion resistance, this grade is subject to the annealing process and quenched with water.

A higher concentration of chlorides, it is susceptible to pitting and crevice corrosion. The high molybdenum content is needed for the successful performance in the most severe conditions.  

Temperature range of 316 grades:

Alloy 316 (UNS S31600) /S31603) is chromium, nickel, and molybdenum austenitic stainless steel. It is designed for improved corrosion resistance in the high temperatures. These are often utilized in the process streams that contain halides and chlorides. In addition to molybdenum, its resistance ability to corrosion and pitting is enhanced. 316 grades provide excellent properties such as stress to rupture strength and tensile strength even in the hoisted temperatures. This grade is weldable with more standard techniques.

These are not corroded in process streams. SS 316 performs well in sulfur-containing environments such as that encountered in industries. This alloy can be utilized in higher concentrations at temperatures up to 120 deg F.

The working temperatures of this alloy are ranging from 1700 deg F to 2200 deg F. These are also subject to the hot working process at the same temperatures. The annealing process is performed at 1900 deg F to acquire higher corrosion resistance. These are also quenched with water.

So, these are the temperature ranges of stainless steel 304 and 316. Choose one as per your application suitability.

Phosphor Bronze: Its Properties and Characteristics

Phosphor Bronze, also known as tin bronze, is alloys made up of copper, tin and phosphorous and known for its strength, low coefficient of friction and toughness. The phosphor bronze contains between 0.5 and 11% tin and 0.01 to 0.35 % phosphorous. The addition of tin increases the resistance to corrosion and strength of the alloy. The phosphorous increases the resistance to wear and stiffness of the alloy. The phosphor bronze has superb spring qualities, resistance to high fatigue and corrosion, excellent formability and solderability. They are basically used for electrical products, corrosion resistant bellows, diaphragms, and spring washers. The phosphor bronze has to grades UNS C50100 through C54200. Leaded phosphor bronze combines good strength and resistance to fatigue, corrosion and wears along with good machinability.

Copper alone is not suitable for use in connectors because it is not elastic enough and loses its strength when held at the operating temperature of most electrical switchgear. Therefore Copper, in the form of an alloy has to be strengthened without unnecessary loss of electrical conductivity.

To remove oxygen Phosphorus is added to molten copper. The product of this deoxidation- Phosphorus pentoxide, is readily removed from the melt during the refining process. Any excess phosphorus goes into solution in the copper, where it provides some strengthening when the copper is cast and worked to a sheet. But phosphorus in solution reduces electrical conductivity dramatically. As little as 0.25% phosphorus will reduce conductivity to only 30% IACS, (International Annealed Copper Standard for the pure metal).  During the hot rolling stage of sheet production, too much phosphorus also causes problems. It is, therefore, a challenge, to maintain the amount of phosphorus at an optimal value to remove oxygen but keep it low enough to enable the material to be worked down to a sheet and still retain a relatively high electrical conductivity.

To strengthen the alloys Tin is added to conventional phosphor bronze. Like phosphorus, tin goes into solution in the molten copper and remains in solution in the solidified alloy. The maximum tin concentration that can be retained in solid solution is about 16%.

The tin content in this alloy determines the corrosion resistance and also gives it strength. Tin in solution produces two conflicting effects. Due to solid-solution strengthening, it increases the strength of the copper significantly. But the more the content of tin in solid solution the lower is the electrical conductivity. Fortunately, the effect of tin on electrical conductivity is less severe than in the case of phosphorus, and 1% of tin only reduces the conductivity to 60% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). Again, there has to be a balance, which depends on the cost of the material and the properties required.  If the tin content is above 2.5% the alloy becomes too expensive to process; if the content of tin below 1.5% the alloy lacks strength and the ability to retain strength at its operating temperature.

Hence, conventional phosphor bronze is a compromise, with optimum additions of phosphorus and tin to give as high strength as possible coupled with a relatively high electrical conductivity.

Properties and Characteristics

• Strength and resilience – phosphor bronze is an alloy which is resistant to fatigue. It holds up exceptionally well to wear. The inclusion of tin is what gives Phosphor bronze its added strength.
• Corrosion resistance – phosphor bronze is typically used in applications where it will have exposure to corrosive chemicals and/or physical elements.
• Electrical conductivity – the use of Phosphor bronze in electrical components is perhaps its most well-known application.
• Excellent elasticity – the fine grain size of this alloy enables the material to have a greater degree of spring back.

Features and Uses of Stainless Steel 316 Round Bars

Stainless steel 316 round bars are also known as UNS S31600 grade bars. It is chromium, nickel and austenitic SS build to provide enhanced resistance in moderately corrosive environments. These are often used in process streams containing halides and chlorides. It has some amount of molybdenum improved general corrosion and chloride pitting resistance. These bars provide higher stress to rupture, tensile strength and higher creep strength at hoist temperature too. It's common practice for 316 grade to dual certified. It has a lower carbon composition with the addition of nitrogen enable to meet the mechanical properties.

Stainless steel 316 round bars resist atmospheric corrosion in moderately oxidizing and reducing environments. These bars also resist corrosion in polluted salty waters. This grade has outstanding resistance to intergranular corrosion in welded condition too. These possess excellent strength and down the toughness at cryogenic environments. When these are annealed becomes non-magnetic in nature. However, it becomes slightly magnetic in nature when these are cold worked or welded.

These are easily weldable and processed by standard shop fabrication process. In most applications, this alloy has superior corrosion resistance to other conventional grades. In the cyclic mild environments, these are not corroded. Once exclusion, it is highly oxidizing such as nitric acid where it contains molybdenum content. These bars perform well in sulfur-containing environments that are encountered in paper processing industries. Alloy 316 can be utilized in higher concentration temperature up to 38 degrees C. These have good resistance to pitting in acetic and phosphoric acids. These perform well in 20% boiling phosphoric acids.

This grade is non-toxic and bio-compatible makes it ideal for food and pharmaceutical process industries. It is utilized to handle fatty acids and hot organic acids that lower product contamination.

Stainless steel 316 round bars performs well in fresh water even that contain a high level of chlorides. The higher composition of molybdenum content makes it superior pitting resistance to traditional grades in the application, including chloride solutions, particularly in adverse environments. For instance, the corrosion resistance level will be roughly equal to reducing climates. However, in a mild environment, it has sufficient resistance that causes intergranular corrosion of welds in the heat affected zone that is due to its lower carbon amount.

SS round bars are formed with hot or cold forging methods. The hot working temperature ranges between 927 to 1204 degree C. To achieve maximum corrosion resistance it is annealed at 1038 degree C and rapidly quenched with water or air. These bars are quite ductile and form easily. The cold working method will enhance its hardness and strength. These are easily weldable by most standard process. Post-welding heat treatment is not required. 316 bars are subjected to work hardening during manufacturing that leads in chip breaking. The best machining results are gained by slower feeds, speeds, lubrication and powerful tool.

Fabricated stainless steel 316 round bars are undergone with several testing for the maximum factor of safety. Some of those are buckling or crushing test, destructive/nondestructive test, mechanical test and more.

A Complete Guide on WHEEL BRUSHES for Car Operators

We all have seen that when dust gets to sit on car wheel for an extended period of time, the entire coating gets eaten up and this pit the metal. In this case, wheel brushes which are a tool that consists of bristles made of supple and soft wire get used. Some brushes make use of steel wire that is very springy and hard with high carbon content. Modern brushes are held together using staples, bindings, and epoxy. This is either followed by plastic or wood handle so as to form the base for usage on pistol-grip motors, angle grinders, bench grinders, and power tools.

If you travel too much and frequently then your car might have experienced tear and wear, this could decrease the productivity of the wheel. This article is the essence of Wheel Brushes. You will get to know what are they exactly, how they work and what are the advantages of it. In addition to these, type of brushes is also enclosed in it. So, read it till the end and buy the one that suits your need the most.

What are wheel brushes exactly?

·         Wheel Brushes are detailed brushes also known as rim brushes with durable bristle loop along with extra scrubbing for deep cleaning. The soft and supple brush bristles offer a gentle and smooth cleaning. The scrubber is used to lifts caked present on the debris. They contain a non-slippery handle that facilitates beaded thumb rest. The handle contains a hole for hanging or easy storage. It also offers a secure grip. There are many wheel brushes with rubber bumpers that assist the prevention and protection of vehicle while the cleaning process gets executed.

Modern technology and machine tools have presented wheel brush with different bristle length (in), product depth (in) and handle length (in) and height (in), width (in) respectively. Car wash brushes can be designed on the automotive part type of vehicle. This helps in deciding the bristle stiffness, bristle material color, and cleaning tool type.

All the wheel brushes present in the market is offered with a certificate and warranty period so that in case anything goes wrong, the user can directly claim for it.

Additional information on Wheel brushes-

Wire wheel brushes have a diameter in various ranges. It is the most widely and renowned wheel brush in carbon steel family and it has customizable sizes. They are supplied in numerous sizes based on the work as well as the finishing type the user requires. It has been manufactured for a long time from the tempered wire as it can sustain longer compared to un-tempered wheel brushes. The arbor hole of wire brush can be adjusted based as per standard hole. In addition to this bore size can be customized.

It can be supplied in stainless steel wire, brass wire in various sizes in accordance with specifications and drawing. It has the following applications- removes paint, rust, corrosion, and offers a clean surface. There are a lot more applications of it.

Basic use of wheel brushes:

It is solely incorporated as abrasive equipment that gets used only for removing paint and cleaning rust. The sole idea to use a wheel brush is to clean the surface and helps in the creation of a conductive area so as to perfectly attach electrical connections. The electrical connections may include connectors, car battery posts that quickly build or accumulate dirt and grime.

It is recommended to use a stainless steel brush when cleaning the steel rim. This is due to the fact that carbon steel brush has the ability to contaminate and this can result in rust spot appearance. On the soft surfaces, brass bristle brushes are made use of. It is necessary to wash all the hard dust and dirt so that no marring gets occurred. The wheel brushes are also utilized under the supervision of a flammable environment so that non-sparking tool requirement exists.

Wheel brushes have an application such as cleaning teeth of rims, casting paint. The origin of brushes is believed to originate from the Romans.

How to select a wheel brush?

Give below is a list of things that would enable you to know how you can pick up a good and reliable brush.

Material- Cross contamination is considered one among the biggest and deadliest concerns. It is advisable to use a carbon steel brush when the wheel is made of steel. On the other hand, stainless steel can be used on steel surfaces. For example, if you make use of carbon brush instead of stainless steel which is required, then the rimmed steel starts contaminating as well as oxidizes so as to form rust.

It is recommended to use a color- code and fabricated brush so as to make sure you don't make use of the wrong kind of brush. There are color-codes that indicate whether the particular brush type is carbon or stainless steel type.

Brush diameter and shape- wheel brush works awesomely on cleaning between the passes. Confined spaces can be cleaned up easily. The holes and other things can be cleaned easily. A good wheel brush would have a near-perpendicular or direct contact with the wheel surface that avoids chances of failure. The wire arrangements are done in such a way that can easily flare. This enables no hindrance in cleaning efficiently. Flaring can be controlled because the designer has built the wheel brush in that way.

Wire diameter- if you want a brush that resists fatigue and is flexible then a wire with a diameter up to 0.014 inches is the best. On the other hand, if you want a stiffer wire brush then go with a brush with a 0.025-inch diameter.

Wire style- the market is full of different wire brush types. Knotted or twisted and crimp style Brushes are some of those. You can as per the application and usage chose from any of the two.

Trim length- for more aggressive action, a short wire brush can be used. It is because it keeps the wire around circumference and dust can be easily removed.

Online suppliers of the wheel brushes are the best example of great brushes. If you wish to buy a high geometrical brush with lots of features, then visit online.

Common Uses of Titanium Pipes & Fittings

There are different metals found in the earth crust that are considered useful not only for the industrial use but for commercial use as well. Among those metals, the chemical element titanium is classed as one of the transition metal that was discovered in the year 1791 by Reverend William Gregor. The metal was black magnetic sand that looked just like gunpowder in the stream of parish mannacan. Today, this magnetic metal is considered one of the useful metals for manufacturing products like pipes and fittings.

There are various characteristics that pure titanium metal has which makes it an ideal choice for manufacturers to manufacture titanium pipe fittings. The pure titanium is light, hard, silvery white and lustrous metal. The metal has various excellent properties and features like high tensile strength, corrosion and oxidation resistance and has a high strength to the weight ratio.

Uses of titanium pipes and fittings

Well, if we talk about the titanium pipes and fittings these fittings are known for their excellent features and properties. The metal is used as an alloying agent that includes metals like iron, aluminum, manganese, and molybdenum. The alloys of titanium metal are widely used in numerous applications and industries. The titanium pipes are used in the fertilizers industry, chemical processing industry, and food processing industry.

On the other hand, pipe fittings are used in different areas and applications as these hardware devices are important for connecting two pipes together. These titanium pipe fittings are used by numerous manufacturers that manufacture high and superior quality of pipes and fittings that can offer its best in any type of environment and temperature.

The pipe fittings have several features which makes them popular for a wide range of applications. The features include high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, resistance to oxidation and pitting cracking, weldability, formability and long service life. The manufacturers while manufacturing these pipe fittings make use of high-quality material that is purchased by the reputed market vendor. Every material is well inspected and tested by the inspection agencies in order to make sure that all the material is of high quality and will offer its best.

These titanium pipes and fittings are generally corrosion resistant, therefore; they can be easily used in high temperature and pressure without getting damaged. Titanium has different features and mechanical properties that do allow it to be used in a wide range of applications.

Testing and packaging

When these titanium pipes and fittings are manufactured they come across various tests and inspection that are mainly done in order to check the quality of titanium pipes and fittings. The tests include third-party inspection, pitting resistance test, positive material identification test, visual inspection and more. All these tests are done by the qualified inspection agencies that make all the tests are done keeping in mind the requirements of customers.

At last, these titanium pipes and fittings are packed in a high quality of packaging material so that they can be delivered to their respective areas of usage.

So, if you are ready to buy titanium pipes and fittings then buy it online.

Know the Importance of SS 304 pipes

We all know that stainless steel is considered the world’s most versatile material which has today become an indispensable part of a wide range of industries.  It mainly comprises of steel alloy and a certain amount of chromium content.  The addition of this content into the steel alloy offers high resistance to corrosion. Hence, this trait has made stainless steel popular in the industrial market.  Since, it has low maintenance, oxidation resistance it does not affect other material and metals when it comes in contact with them. There are several types and grades in which stainless steel is available and is widely used for making products like pipes.

Today, here in this article we will talk about the Stainless Steel 304 pipes and its importance in various industries. so let’s get in deep and know the importance of this popular grade in detail from the below-mentioned article.

About SS 304 pipes

Grade 304 is basically a standard “18/8” stainless steel that is considered the most versatile and widely used steel grade. This stainless steel grade is widely used in a comprehensive range of products, finishes, and forms. The grade has excellent welding and forming features which makes it suitable for manufacturing products like pipes. However, the balanced austenitic structure of this grade enables it to severely deep drawn without any intermediate annealing which in turn make this grade dominant for manufacturing pipes of high quality.

The grade can be rolled or broke into a wide variety of components and industrial applications. It has excellent welding features and post-weld annealing is not required when you are welding thin sections. The grade is mainly defined as chromium and nickel-based austenitic alloy and there are several manufacturers available offering a wide range of SS 304 pipes.

These pipes are considered important applications that are used for high-temperature services. The reputed manufacturers provide these 304 pipes of high quality to their customers while keeping their diverse range of demands and requirements. The pipes are available to customers in different shapes, sizes, and specifications. Furthermore, the pipes display fantastic corrosion resistance in a wide range of destructive situations.

These SS 304 pipes have several good features which make these SS 304 pipes important. The features offered include good dimensional accuracy, high tensile strength, anti-corrosive, rugged construction, weldability, durability and more. These pipes can even withstand high temperature and heavy load due to good surface finishing. The pipes even have good stress corrosion cracking, crevice and pitting corrosion resistance ability.

When these SS 304 pipes are manufactured international quality of the material is used that is well inspected by the quality inspectors. In addition to the raw material latest machines and advanced technologies are used for creating accurate shape and size of pipes. On the other hand, these pipes even come across various testing processes that help in checking the quality and performance of these pipes.

The pipes are then provided to customers with several documentations like QAP guarantee letter, raw material test report and more. Along with this SS 304 pipes are packed in pallets or wooden crates and delivered worldwide.

Carbon Steel and Types of Carbon Steel

WHAT IS CARBON STEEL?

Plain-carbon steel or Carbon Steel is a metal alloy. It’s a mixture of two components, iron and carbon. Other components are present in small quantities to have an effect on its properties. The only different components used in plain-carbon steel are: manganese (1.65% max), silicon (0.60% max), and copper (0.60% max). Steel with low carbon content has similar properties as iron, soft but easily formed. With a lot of carbon, the metal gains hardness and strength but becomes less ductile and harder to weld. Higher carbon content lowers the steel's melting point and its temperature resistance gradually.

TYPES OF CARBON STEEL

• Mild (low carbon) steel: around 0.05% to 0.25% carbon content with up to 0.4% manganese content (for example AISI 1018 steel). Less solid yet modest and simple to shape; surface hardness can be expanded through carburizing
• Medium carbon steel: approximately 0.29% to 0.54% carbon content with 0.60 to 1.65% manganese content (e.g. AISI 1040 steel). Equalizations flexibility and quality and has nice wear opposition; utilized for expansive components, making and vehicle components.
• High carbon steel: around 0.55% to 0.95% carbon content with zero.30 to 0.90% metallic component content. Extremely solid, utilized for springs and high-quality wires.
• Very High carbon steel: around 0.96% to 2.1% carbon content, extraordinarily handled to create explicit nuclear and atomic microstructures.

Steel might be heat treated which enables parts to be made-up in an effectively formable delicate stage. If enough carbon is available, the combination will be solidified to broaden quality, wear, and effective resistance. Steels are generally framed by cool working ways, which is the molding of metal through deformation at a low balance or temperature.

HEAT TREATMENTS

The purpose of heat treating plain-carbon steel is to change the mechanical properties of steel, usually ductility, hardness, yield strength, and impact resistance.

Different Industrial Applications of Stainless Steel Pipe

Oil and Gas

In the oil and gas industries technology plays a massively vital role. Over the past few years, the requirement for corrosion-resistant piping has enhanced because the depths we probe for oil deepens and a lot of pressure is being placed on pipes we use. This harsh environment is improbably corrosive and if the damage is left unchecked, the pipes would easily burst and become unusable for deeper depths. This is why it’s vital to own durable pipes in the oil and gas industry and how it plays such a huge role in the success of this industry.

Nuclear Power

Nowadays all of the nuclear reactors we use heat water to produce steam that is then accustomed spin turbines that provide us with energy and most of them are placed near the coast because of the cooling requirements. It is very difficult to obtain usable energy from atomic nuclei. As such, a lot of the water being pumped in to cool down these reactors is from the sea, and it must be resistant to the corrosive nature of seawater. Stainless steel pipe is more than qualified to defend against corrosion from seawater, therefore its importance in the nuclear power industry.

LNG

LNG (liquefied natural gas) is gas that has been temporarily regenerating into a liquid form for the sake of transportation. Its volume is greatly reduced to make it easy and cost effective to transport. In some cases, transporting natural gas via pipelines isn’t possible or low-cost enough to be worth the cost that is why it’s instead transported via a liquid form in cryogenic sea vessels and road tankers. As such, it’s vital to have the proper piping that provides safe and economical LNG transport to deliver natural gas to parts of the country or world that are difficult to reach.

Desalination

Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from a source of water. This is done to convert water into fresh water that’s appropriate humans to use or probably irrigation. In most cases, salt is made as a by-product and desalination are used on several submarines and ships. Today, desalination is often spoken about when trying to bring fresh potable water to regions of the world where it’s difficult. saltwater and metals usually don’t combine very well, thus the importance of getting piping in the desalination industry that is able to withstand the natural corrosive properties of salt water.

Mining and Minerals

Mining is the process of extracting materials from the earth. The materials covered are usually in the form of metals both precious and non-precious and the process is something that has been done for 1000s of years to acquire advantageous resources. Stainless steel has made mining industry easier and more profitable to take on larger operations. Whether it’s used in the actual mines itself where staff and machines dig at the earth or in the bunk beds and mess halls where workers sleep, it’s used in a variety of applications to provide safety and reliability.

Lanco Pipes is one such manufacturer of Stainless Steel Pipes available in various grades such as 304, 310, 316, 321 and so on we supply and export these pipes at reasonable rates.

Uses of Nickel Alloy Pipes

Bhansalioverseas is offering a wide comprehensive range of nickel 200 pipes. The product is manufactured by using superior quality of the alloy. All types of welded and seamless pipe are available. It is available in different specifications varying in sizes, thickness, length, dimensions, standards, and forms etc. as buyers needs. Today it is found to be used in different application industries like sugar mills, chemical plants, oil refineries, fertilizers plants, and petrochemicals plants.

Nickel 200 alloy is a solid solution strengthened and high commercially pure wrought material. No doubt the alloy is possessing excellent mechanical properties over several ranges of temperature. Also, it is having excellent resistance to various corrosives, especially in hydroxides. The alloy is highly resistant to several reducing chemicals and is greatly résistance to the caustic alkalis. It has a greater electrical conductivity and excellent résistance to corrosion to natural and distilled water.

The resistance to alkalis and neutral salt solution is making it good for various applications. It has excellent résistance ability to dry fluorine. This alloy offers resistance to hydrochloric and sulfuric acid at various concentration and temperature.  The good thermal, magnetostrictive properties are enhancing its qualities.

Uses of nickel alloy pipes-

The superiority in the quality of Nickel 200 Pipes is making it the ideal choice for various applications. It is thus today found used for various purposes. It is like aircraft turbines, petrochemical industry, medical engineering, nuclear power plants, and steam turbine power plants.

Advantages-

Ø  Resistance to heat- Nickel alloy is enduring high conditions and temperature as well. Likewise, the nickel-chromium alloy that is comprised of more than 15% of chromium is used at a greater temperature that is above 760 Deg C. This ability of easily withstanding high heat Nickel 200 pipes to be used continuously for a longer time in the structures that are producing high temperature.

Ø  Resistance to corrosion- When a metal is encountering oxygen, they are undergoing high resistance to corrosion. This, in turn, is causing corrosion. Nickel is having a slower rate of oxidation, making the nickel alloy high corrosion resistant. This is allowing them in maintaining the integrity for the longest time, particularly in the marine atmosphere wherein the corrosion is problematic.

Ø  Shape memory- Often a metallic material required that could return to old shape when is experiencing heat. Such material is shaped memory alloy. Some of the nickel alloys are having this feature.

Ø  Low expansion- Some of the nickel alloys is having the lower rate of thermal expansions or consistent expansion pattern at a particular range of temperature. This is making those useful when needed pipe that could maintain uniformity in size and shape even at high temperature.

Testing it passes-

Before the delivering of the nickel 200 pipes, it is checked using various effective testing in the industry. The main purpose of testing is to assure defect-free and high quality of pipes supplying. The testing done is IGC test, PMI test, hardness test, chemical test, flaring test, pitting resistance test, flaring test, mechanical test, macro/micro test etc.

For the buyer seeking to get nickel 200 pipes of good quality can have the deal with Bhansalioverseas as they are specialized in offering such product. They as having good years of experience can serve you the best. 

Stainless steel flanges- types you should know about it

Including the stainless steel, flanges are for the upcoming project to assure the best outcome. Stainless steel flanges doubtlessly are fully resistant to corrosion and show greater tensile strength for the plan of industrial piping. Considering ordering the high-pressure Stainless Steel 304 Flanges for the greater temperature and for pressure treatment that complies with API, ANSI, ASME and ASTM standards and will be beneficial.

The flanges that meet with API standards can easily withstand high temperatures and high pressure. The major difference in between flanges the one meeting with ANSI and ASME standards and one meeting API standards is material used that could easily withstand in greater pressure surrounding. They are used more efficiently in dealing with oil and gas. When working with steam, water, and air in the industrial setting, ANSI/ASME flanges are high in common.

Here are the types of SS flanges-

1.       Ring-type joint flanges- These types of flanges can be helpful in high-pressure applications for preventing leakages. The flanges are having the unique groove that can easily be compressed to slip-on, weldneck or blind flanges. This flange also allows a pipe to easily withstand high temperature and high pressure.

2.       Threaded pipe flanges- This flange is beneficial to use because there is no need to weld those flanges to the pipes as they are having the outer thread. These are used commonly for the small diameter project and with greater pressure.

3.       Lap joint flanges- Such flanges are used in conjunction with Taft or stub. As it can be assembled easily and aligned, it can be used in applications requires frequent reassembling and also low-pressure applications.

4.       Weldneck flanges- It is creating a smooth and matching the bevel and thickness of pipes. With the diameter that matches from the pipe inside, they function by transferring pressure to the pipes from the flanges. They are used typically for the greater pressure applications and this flanges style is one of the most commonly used one.

5.       Slip-On flanges- The slip-on flanges are available in big or small sizes and are least expensive. They have the diameter that is the little bit larger than pipes, letting them easily slip over the pipe directly. Once slipping on they are fillet welded. The two kinds of slip-on flanges are hub flanges and ring flanges that differ from the size specifications.

6.       Blind flanges- these flanges are also called as blanking flanges used for sealing pumps, valves, and pipelines for the prevention of flow. They are also right for testing the gas or liquid pressure or even gas flow via the pipe and it can be used as inspection cover. These flanges can be managed easily and can also be reversed that allow expansions.

7.       Socket-weld flanges- It is used in smaller pipe, high-pressure applications. The pipe is inserted to socket and fillet welded that allows smooth flow of liquid and gas through the pipes.

These are a few types of stainless steel flanges about which you need to know. Katariyasteel reliable supplier is offering greater pressure Stainless Steel 310 Flanges that include slip-on and weldneck flanges. All these easily meet API, ASTM, ANSI, and ASME standards. 

5 Ways in Which Steel Channel is Commonly Used

The structural channel, also known as a C-beam, is a type of beam, used majorly in building construction and civil engineering. Its cross section consists of a wide "web", usually but not always oriented vertically, and two "flanges" at the top and bottom, only sticking out on one side of the web. It is differentiated from I-beam or H-beam or W-beam type steel cross sections in that those have flanges on both sides.

Steel Channels has several uses, principally structural, and here are a number of common examples:

WALL

Steel channel is commonly used to build walls for things like garages, warehouses, workshops, and different metal buildings, wherever they're used like studs in standard wood framing. The studs bear the vertical load of the building by running vertically from the bottom plate of the wall to the top plate. Compared to a wood stud, steel channel can support a way larger amount of weight and it is rather more rigid, whereas the weight difference between wood studs and the steel channel is negligible. Of course, the steel channel is tougher to put in, because it needs fastening, bolting or riveting, instead of merely driving nails.

ROOFS

On light-duty roofs, steel channel can be used as rafters, running from the overhang of the roof to the ridge, where they provide support for the roof deck. By using a steel channel rather than wood rafters, the rafters can be smaller and lighter, whereas still supporting a similar quantity of weight. Compared to wood, the steel channel is stronger and longer-lasting, and it will not be damaged by rot, fungus decay or moisture, On heavy-duty roofs, I-beams are usually used because the rafters and the ridge, and steel channel is placed perpendicularly on top of the rafters each few feet, from the ridge all the way down to the eave. This enables the steel channel to bridge the gaps between the rafters, permitting them to be further apart and provides an attachment point for the steel deck.

WINDOW AND DOOR FRAMES

Steel channel can be used to produce secure frames for windows and doors in both metal and wood-framed buildings. Four pieces are cut with miter joints on every end, and the channel slides over the wall in the window or door opening. This leaves a flat surface in the opening to mount a door or window to, and it's rather more secure than frames made of wood. Steel channel is commonly used to produce the frames for commercial fire doors, as well as sub-grade basement doors.

WOOD BEAM SUPPORTS

When extra strength is required in a wood-framed building, steel channel can be used to increase the rigidity and strength of wooden beams. Wood beams can be placed inside an oversized steel channel, providing further strength, whereas still permitting easy attachment of joists and other parts to the wood beam. As an alternative, smaller steel channel will be placed at the bottom of the beam and supported by posts, to extend the strength of an existing beam during a transform. It might even be placed on top of the beam as a cap, to provide further strength during the development of a home.

VEHICLE FRAMES

Steel channel is commonly used to construct the frames of vehicles and is usually specially-formed for that specific function. Heavy-duty steel channel is often used to produce the main frame rails, running from the front of the vehicle to the back. Lighter steel channel may be used to produce cross members, braces or for structural parts like radiator supports. When employed in a vehicle, steel channel provides enough strength and rigidity to prevent the vehicle from flexing too much, while still allowing a small amount of movement to atone for the force produced by the engine.

Steel channel will be used for several different structures moreover, like railings, step stringers, bridge trusses or guard rails. It’s a flexible product that's robust, light, and comparatively maintenance-free.

The Benefits of Structural Steel Buildings

Structural steel is used in some shape or form in almost any type of structure. In today’s modern architecture, steel is a primary feature because of its adaptability and it’s Sustainability. It is widely recognized as one of the most Cost-effective materials in the construction of structures making it the material of choice within the industry. It is strong, recyclable and durable. Structural steel offers structures more light, space and the option of modification if required.

Advantages of Structural Steel Buildings

The use of steel in the building industry has escalated largely. Its prevalence is noticeable in the steel share market price for single-storey industrial buildings and non-residential buildings which have increased considerably.

There are many reasons why steel is an excellent material for structural erection. A few benefits include:

• Cost-effectiveness

• Speedy construction

• Flexibility and adaptability

• Service integration

• Quality and safety

• Sustainability

These 6 Steel Infrastructure Benefits Explained...

Value for Money

The structure of a building accounts for approximately 10-15% of the overall construction costs. It’s clear that choosing the right infrastructure in a competitive market is paramount. It was found that steel framed solutions can reduce building structure costs of up to 6% when compared to using concrete framed buildings – this can make you huge savings.

Speedy Construction

Steel construction involves pre-manufactured items that are produced off-site and can be speedily installed on site with minimal problems. This creates an earlier return on investment and other time-related savings that make an excellent influence on profitability.

Flexibility and Adaptability

Structural steel is often the preferred material used by Architects and Builders due to its durability and flexibility that allows freedom when designing structures. Structural steel can help maximize space in a structure, as it requires less room than other materials such as concrete. The benefit this is the structure can be easily subdivided or altered in any way that changing circumstances require. Structural steel framed buildings can be readily upgraded or refurbished for a change of use, with new facades and other architectural features added with ease.

Service Integration

One of the primary advantages of using a steel structure is in the ability to create more space. Mechanical ventilation for commercial buildings can be easily integrated without taking from the original layout and depth of floors. This can be particularly advantageous when building height restrictions is a major concern.

Quality and Safety

Most, if not all, steel structures are pre-fabricated meaning they are manufactured under controlled factory environments. This means that quality is assured as variables such as the weather are not affecting the property.

Sustainability

All steel structures stick to high environmental standards and achieve low functional carbon targets. Structural steel is acknowledged as one of the most reasonable materials available and is recyclable. In fact, over 80% of steel is recycled in the manufacturing process making it reusable time and time again without impacting its quality and durability.