Application of Different Types of Bars

Steel bars have an unbelievably wide variety of uses for many different industries. A wide range of alloy composition types can comprise steel making it a very versatile material for use in producing alloy steel bars and stainless steel bars.

Steel bars are used in a variety of industries such as the cement industries, military equipment, shipbuilding, part machining processing, technology related, paper industries, and other types of architecturally related businesses. Steel bars applications depend on the type of bars needed and come in various sizes and shapes.

Application of different Types of Bars

Use steel flat bar types

Stainless Steel flat bars are used as brackets, base plates, braces, ornamental work, and other such uses. The steel bar distributors provide various thicknesses ranging from 1/8 inch by 1/2 inch to 3 inches by 6 inches.

Use of stainless steel round bars

Stainless steel round bars have one vital factor going for them: they are made from stainless steel. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant and the stainless steel which has higher alloy content is able to withstand the onslaught of acids, "chlorine bearing environments" as well as solutions containing alkaline. Because of this resistant, some of the uses of stainless steel bars are in machining, fasteners, grills, and construction.

Use the steel square bar

Steel square bars due to its shape are often used to manufacture other items. Furniture makers use square steel bars to make metal furniture; fasteners manufacturers use stainless steel square bars to manufacture bolts, nuts, screws and more. Steel square bars can be manufactured in various sizes as per client’s requirements.

Use hexagonal and channel steel bars

Hexagonal and channel steel bars have applications in the construction industry, and can also be sized according to the company's needs. Its application is more general-purpose. Channel steel bars, which come in shapes like I beams, H beams and C beams, are the backbones of buildings and ships and other structures. They are designed to hold weight.

Hastelloy and Incoloy: Fasteners for Oil Field Corrosion

Oilfields are exposed to a wide variety of corrosive elements including carbonic acids, sour gas (H2S), and hydraulic fracturing/stimulant acids such as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. Naphthenic acids and simple organic acids are also found in crude oil extraction. In addition to acids, these environments contain sand and other tough components which cause erosion and thereby speeding up corrosion via erosion-corrosion. Water flooding, elevated temperatures, and extreme pressures also contribute to this corrosive environment. Stainless steels such as 304 and 316 often cannot handle these extremely corrosive conditions and specialty nickel alloys are needed. In this blog, we will discuss the benefits of specialty alloy fasteners that are important to prevent oil field corrosion and minimize failures.

The Hastelloy family of nickel alloy is generally employed to prevent oil field corrosion. Hastelloy C276 bolting is used sour gas oil field situations and can be used to 8,000 psi H2S and 400°F.

Sulfur has been found to cause severe pitting and catastrophic cracking even among many nickel alloys. This is another example where Hastelloy C276 fasteners perform very well through their ability to prevent sulfur-induced stress cracking. This is particularly important for fasteners that perform critical applications as a relatively small amount of corrosion can cause fasteners to fail. C276 also provides excellent protection to carbonic acid, organic acid, and water-related corrosion. It is also resistant to CO2 related corrosion which can be common in wells.

Hydrochloric acid found in hydraulic fracturing and well stimulants is also another corrosive element where Hastelloy can be useful. Hastelloy C276 bolts are resistant to all concentrations of hydrochloric acid at room temperature and can be employed successfully up to about 120°F. For more extreme temperatures and concentrations of HCl, materials like Hastelloy C2000 and tantalum should be used.

Incoloy 825 and 925 are common choices for sour gas well corrosion protection even at elevated temperatures. Incoloy 825 provides excellent resistance to sour gas with Incoloy 925 bolts being ideal when a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance is needed. The high strength (167.3 ksi tensile strength) of Incoloy 925 bolts are ideal for high-pressure processes often encountered downhole. Incoloy 925 bolts also help protect from chloride related corrosion that can occur as well.

The hydrofluoric acid used in hydraulic fracturing is one of the corrosive elements – even eating through solid tantalum which is inert to most all acids. To curb Hydrofluoric acid, we recommend using Monel 400 or Hastelloy C2000. These are among the very few materials that can handle this environment.

Brief on Steel Angle Bars

Steel angle is a form of structural steel having an 'L' shaped cross section and two legs. The legs could be equal or unequal and the angle maybe 45degree or 90 degrees. They are available in the market in varied dimensions with customized sizes. Different materials are used to make angles depending upon the properties desired in the finished product but generally, angles are produced by high strength low alloy steel or hot-rolled carbon steel. Accordingly, you have mild carbon angle, high strength low alloy carbon angle etc. Based on the surface treatment angles can also be classified into hot-dip galvanized and painted or black (no treatment) category. Coatings are smeared on to the angles to enhance the critical temperature of steel. With a change in the composition of the alloy, the steel's thermal properties will also change. Carbon steels are generally used for constructional shapes plates, pipes, and tubing. High strength low alloy steels have the same uses in addition to being used for W shapes.

The process used for bending steel varies depending upon the requirements. Angled steel as mentioned above holds a place of significance in several constructions and engineering projects and hence the angle produced has to be the exact size. Various calculations are undertaken to ensure that the resultant product is of the desired quality.

The uses of stainless steel angles are listed below:

• Daily living items use: They are used in Day-to-Day items such as bed frames, benches, chairs, fencing posts, coffee tables, frames for supporting air conditioner etc.

• Supporting and constructional uses: The applications include bridges, shelves, warehouses, cable towers, communication towers, power towers, equipment etc.

The reliable performance and low cost of angles make it a popular component in all the applications. Quality considerations hold top importance in its manufacture. As it is widely used in many structural projects, lack of good quality products will diminish the life of the structure whereas angles of high quality and strength will ensure the durability of all the applications. Most of the constructional steel projects fail due to weak connections; like at places where a beam connects to a column or where the beam connects to a joist and so on. Therefore, choosing a reliable manufacturer is of supreme importance. A trustworthy store will stock varied sizes of unequal angles, stainless steel round bars, alloy steel plates and all other steel forms that are required for your structural and day to day projects.

Stainless steel plates also offer the advantage of high workability, that is, they can be easily used in machining, stamping, welding and fabricating. 

Valves: its types & Applications in Various Industries

Valves are one of the popular kinds of transportation across the world including pipelines. Generally, it works on the phenomenon of controlling the flow via pipes passageways by opening, closing or obstructing the pipe or passageway. Most valves are used on pipes as well as a number of the other major industries together with oil, gas, mining, water. Basically, valves are devices that are accustomed to regulating gases, liquids & slurries. you may be noticed that pipelines do transport large amounts of liquid & gas product often across the globe. While staying effective whole the time & the pipelines need to require special components of equipment so as to manage the flow of the product. This is the reason that the valves are for!

History of Valves- at a glance

To control the flow of water running out of the pipe around 4000 years ago, Chinese people arose with the conception of using cork or bamboo. With the emergence of the steamer, the valves became a vital tool in the niche of mechanical. There have been solely 2 forms of valves- Butterfly & Slide were utilized in order to regulate the flow of gas or liquid passing through them till that point. Later on, the advanced valves came into the limelight that's far more adaptable so as to work seamlessly in sophisticated work conditions.

Typically, the valve consists of various sub-parts. However, they do not just manage the flow of liquid or gas the pressure & direction of it. Valves are available in different materials like Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Monel, Inconel, Hastelloy, and PTFE Lined Valves.

Categories of Valves

There are six major classes of valves such as:

1.  Control

2.  Dividing

3.  Safety

4.  Check

5.  Multipurpose

6.  Cutoff

Types of Valves

These valves fall into the class of a basic one. Here is a large range of valves is available which comes with a completely different mechanism in conjunction with various purposes:

1.  Cock: this type of valve the flow is blocked by the conical plug.

2.  Butterfly: It comes with a disc that sits in the middle of the pipe as well as coupling sideways.

3.  Ball: as the name describes it embraces a metal ball that shifts positions so as to regulate the flow of liquids.

4.  Gate: this type of valve open lowering metal gates around them.

5.  Needle: It uses an extended sliding needle so as to control the flow of the product.

6.  Spool: usually, the valves are utilized in order to control the pressure in the hydraulic system.

7.  Others: Plug, Poppet, Globe, Pinch, etc.

Applications in Various Industries 

The industries like oil & gas proffer the opportunities to valve & automotive flanges manufacturers to create the product that meets the operational desires particularly when it involves ball & needle valves. Well, the demand has been unendingly increasing with the increase for the past years.

The leaders of oil & gas industries have a powerful tie-up with manufacturers & suppliers of the needle valve. Generally, the valves are used to defend equipment while controlling the product flow.

Why is copper a good conductor of heat?

In today’s era, nobody can live without electricity. It is the need of everyone in every part of the world in every corner. Each and everyone is associated to each and every field need electricity but have you ever wondered that how the electricity came into existence or more appropriately to say that how is the electricity present in all the corners of the world. Well, the basic cause is that we use the copper wire for the transmission of electricity. Thus copper is the greatest conductor of heat and electricity.

Now the question arises that why are we relying on copper? Well, we can say that all the metals present in nature are one way or the other very good conductors of heat. Some are very good some are a little bad. The metals are the solid chemical elements. To study the basic atomic structure of a specific metal atom, they have some of the valence electrons in their valence shell. The valence shell is the last shell of the atom. Every atom requires stable state at every state, to attain stability an atom needs to have eight electrons in its last shell.

The atoms either can lose some of the electrons for stability or they can just gain them so that they could attain the stable electronic configuration. The metals generally have one to four electrons in its valence shell. Thus they usually lose the electrons. The electrons are the negatively charged particles; due to this they usually give some additional charge to the substance. When a metal loses its electrons they will certainly heat up as there will be the increase of the free electrons. The free movements of electrons will certainly increase the heat and electricity conductivity.

The basic configuration of copper is:

Symbol: Cu

Atomic number: 29

Atomic mass: 63.54 AMU

Ionic charge: +3

Valency: 3

In the electricity applications, there is the number of copper uses. Most of the metals are considered as the very good conductors but copper is the best and it loses three electrons at the room temperature. All the copper atoms together can lose a very large number of electrons and thus can conduct the electricity in a huge amount. The copper is also a very cheap metal thus is used in all sort of applications. 

There are many of the applications of copper in the field of electricity:

•        Wiring of electricity at home, offices, schools, shops, malls, etc.

•        For the automated induction of electricity in the generators and invertors which are used in the cases of power cut and loss of electricity.

•        Used in the capacitors for the conduction of electricity in the batteries.

In the thermal heating process the copper is used as:

•        It is used in making the bottom surfaces of the utensils as it has the good heat conduction.

•        It is used for the heat exchanger in the hot water tanks.

•        This is also used as the heat sinks in the computers, the disk drives, the TVs sets, and many more things.

These are some of the uses of copper in the conduction of heat and electricity.

Stainless Steel Pipe types

Stainless steel is a flexible material comprised of a steel alloy and a small proportion of chromium—the addition of chromium adds to the material’s resistance to corrosion, an attribute that earned stainless-steel its name. Because stainless-steel is additionally low-maintenance, oxidization resistant, and doesn’t have an effect on other metals it comes in contact with, it’s oftentimes utilized in a large array of uses, particularly in piping and tubing manufacturing. Based on the end use of the pipe, stainless-steel piping is distinguished into many categories.

Stainless Steel Piping

Pipes and tubes are sometimes difficult to classify and have a tendency to be classified based on function. In addition to these classifications, stainless-steel is additionally distinguished by type and grade. For tubing and piping uses, type 304 stainless-steel is a common choice as a result of it’s extremely chemical and corrosion-resistant. However, stainless-steel 304 pipes aren’t compatible with uses wherever temperatures fall between 800 and 1640 degrees Fahrenheit (F) as a result of it is prone to carbide precipitation, a result of the material’s .08 % carbon content limit. Stainless-steel type 304L circumvents this problem because it’s a lower carbon content limit, and thus is subjected to welding and higher temperature uses. Alternative types of stainless-steel often possess additives (such as nickel or molybdenum) that strengthen traits that are fascinating above all uses.

Stainless Steel tube for General Corrosion-Resistance

This general category of steel is appropriate for uses that require resistance to corrosion on top of other traits. Ferritic or martensitic types of steel (those made with the most chromium) are manufactured to be either heat-treated or annealed. austenitic stainless steels (those with high chromium and nickel contents) give even extra resistance and can be used under constant general conditions as ferritic and martensitic types.

Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe

This type of stainless-steel pipe is formed from either solid chromium or a chromium and nickel combination. types of stainless-steel pressure pipe include seamless and welded pipe, electrical fusion welded pipe for hard-hitting uses, large diameter welded pipe for corrosive or high-temperature uses, and seamless and welded ferritic and austenitic stainless-steel pipe.

Stainless Steel sanitary tube
For uses where stainless-steel tube or piping comes in touch with food and other sensitive product, sanitation is a high priority. Stainless-steel sanitary tube is employed in such uses as a result of its high corrosion-resistance, doesn’t tarnish, and is simple to keep clean. For specific uses, different tolerances can be achieved. The grade typically used for these uses is ASTMA270.

Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
In uses like cylinders, bearings, and other hollow formed components, stainless-steel mechanical tubing is usually used. Tubing can be manipulated to possess a range of cross-sectional shapes, like square and rectangular, additionally to the more traditional, round tubing cross-section.

Stainless Steel aircraft tubing

In highly-specific aircraft uses, chromium and nickel type stainless-steel is used as a result of their heat and corrosion-resistance. Found in uses that need high-strength, stainless-steel aircraft tubing is work-hardened or welded, although work-hardened pieces shouldn’t be used with some types of corrosive substances. Low-carbon types of stainless-steel are a standard choice for welded elements.

Aircraft Hydraulic-Line tubing

Another type of aircraft tubing is used in aerospace uses as fuel-injection lines and hydraulic systems and tends to be small. It is usually manufactured from stainless-steel 304L Tubing because of the steel’s high-strength, corrosion-resistance, and ductility.

Gasket and Its Types

A gasket might be defined as a flexible component that sits in-between two other surfaces generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. Gaskets are commonly manufactured by cutting from sheet materials.

Types of Gasket

1)  Sheet gaskets

When a sheet of metal has the gasket shape "punched out" of it, it is a sheet gasket. These gaskets can fill various different chemical requirements based on the dormancy of the material used. Non-asbestos gasket sheet is longlasting, made of multiple materials, and thick in nature. Applications using sheet gaskets involve acids, corrosive chemicals, and steam. Flexibility and good recovery prevent breakage during installation of a sheet gasket.

2)  Solid material gaskets

The idea behind solid material is to use metals which can't be punched out of sheets, however, are still low-cost to manufacture. These gaskets typically have a {much|a way|a far} higher level of quality control than sheet gaskets and customarily can withstand much higher temperatures and pressures. The key drawback is that a solid metal must be greatly compressed so as to become flush with the flange head and stop leakage. the material choice is more difficult; because metals are primarily used, process contamination and oxidization are risks. a further drawback is that the metal used should be softer than the flange — so as to make sure that the flange doesn't warp and thereby stop sealing with future gaskets. Even so, these gaskets have found a distinct segment in the industry.

3)  Spiral-wound gaskets

Spiral-wound gaskets comprise a combination of metallic and filler material. Generally, the gasket features a metal wound outward in a circular spiral with the filler material wound in the same manner, however, ranging from the opposing side. This leads to alternating layers of filler and metal. The filler material in these gaskets acts as the sealing part, with the metal providing structural support.

These gaskets have evidenced to be reliable in most applications, and permit lower clamping forces than solid gaskets, albeit with a higher value.

4)  Kammprofile gaskets

Kammprofile gaskets are used in many older seals since they have both a flexible nature and steady performance. Kammprofile work by having a solid corrugated core with a flexible covering layer. This arrangement allows for very high contracting and an extremely tight seal along the ridges of the gasket. Since generally, the graphite will fail instead of the metal core, Kammprofile can be repaired during later inactivity. Kammprofile has a high capital cost for most applications but this is countered by long-lasting life and increased reliability.

5)  Fishbone Gaskets

Fishbone Gaskets are a direct substitute for Kammprofile and Spiral wound gaskets. They are fully CNC machine manufactured from similar materials but the design of the gaskets has eliminated inherent shortcomings. The rounded edges do not cause flange damage. The added "Stop Step" prevents the Fishbone gaskets from being over compressed/crushed, often caused by hot torque techniques on plant startup. The bones of the gasket remain ductile and adjust to thermal cycling and system pressure spikes resulting in a long-lasting and steady flange seal that outranges all other gaskets of this nature significantly.

6)  Flange gasket

A flange gasket is a type of gasket made to fit between two sections of pipe that are flared to provide a higher surface area.

Flange gaskets are available in a variety of shapes and sizes and are categorized by their inner and outside diameter.

 The gaskets for flanges can be divided into major 4 different categories:

1.   Sheet gaskets

2.   Corrugated metal gaskets

3.   Ring gaskets

4.   Spiral wound gaskets