What is tensile strength of steel?

High Tensile Steel generally refers to as low alloy steel that can withstand at maximum strain without falling or breaking or getting deformed. It is having yield strength in the range of 50,000 to 100,000 pounds per square inch. These steels are especially used for constructional works that require high yield, tensile and fatigue strength as well as great toughness when supplied to a quenching and tempering process. We buy metals for different purposes based on their properties and one of these properties is a tensile strength. To know more about this topic, read this article carefully.

Know the term tensile strength:

The word tensile strength is defined as the ability of the metals or any material which can withstand or survive before breaking or falling. It is the ability to stretch the metal and provide the stress without getting metal affected. In engineering terms, the tensile strength of a material is calculated by dividing the cross-section of tested metal by the stress placed on that material. It is generally measured in terms of tons per square inch or pounds of materials. It is an important measure of the material that is performed in applications and this measurement is widely performed when describing the properties of the metals and alloys.

Tensile strength is an engineering term and it is especially used in the field of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, and material science. Tensile strength mentions the point when material subjected to elastic to plastic deformation. In other words, tensile strength is used for testing of metal that will find how much a particular metal or alloy will elongate before hitting and how much load a particular material can bear before it loses structural integrity.

How to check tensile strength of steel?

The tensile strength of High Tensile Steel is varying according to the composition of alloying metals and it also depends upon varieties of grades. As like other properties like high strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, weldability, and machinability, it is also the important properties to measure before buying any kind of steel alloy product. It differs for different densities of steel.

Know the different types of tensile strength:

Yield strength: it is a kind of stress that is applied to the material and it can withstand without permanent deformation of shape and size. It is measured in tons per inch, pounds per square inch, or thousands per square per inch. The tensile strength of steel may also be express in MPA or megapascal.

Ultimate strength: it is the maximum strength that is applied to a metal so that it can withstand without breaking.

Breaking strength: it is the type of strength that works on the stress-strain curve at the time of rupture. It is also applied to check the loading capacity of the steel alloy or any other metal.

Tensile strength is applied to a variety of metals like alloys, ceramics, plastics, composite materials, plastics, and wood. There are many devices available in the market with the help of these devices; tensile strength of any alloy metals is easily measured without any hassle. High Tensile Steel applicable in various industrial applications.

Benefits of Using Alloy Steel Bars

As a highly important metal for industrial constructions and engineering, steel enjoys maximum popularity in the industrial arena. The various sectors and different project requirements create the demand for various types of steel.

Alloy Steel is lightweight in nature which makes it the perfect manufacturing material across industrial sectors. From automobile industries to equipment manufacturing plants, alloy steel proves to be useful in a number of industrial projects.

Let’s take a look at some of the highly significant benefits of investing in alloy steel bars.

1. High tensile strength

With High tensile strength and easy compressibility, alloy steel bars exceed their carbon-steel counterparts. It is generally smaller in size compared to carbon-steel and finds usage in a variety of projects.

2. Lightweight

Alloy steel f22 round bars are extremely lightweight in nature. Car or vehicle manufacturing units will reap the benefits of alloy steel as it has the power to create high-performance car wheels. Wheels made out of alloy steel are sturdy and lightweight at the same time. As the result, drivers find it easier to accelerate vehicles with wheels of alloy steel compared to other metals.

3. Powerful parts

While working with alloy steel round bars, you will not have to think before exerting pressure on it. With high strength and pressure-withstanding capabilities, high-quality alloy steels are much better options than the carbon-steel sheets or bars.

You can subject alloy steel parts to reversed and repeated loads, without having to think about its shape.

4. Usable at high temperatures

Heavy engineering industries often work on projects demanding heavy welding and pressure cutting. Needless to say, none other than top quality alloy steel bars will be able to fulfill the needs of such projects.

You can use these bars at exceptionally high temperatures and cutting pressures, thus creating the desired product.

5. Heat dissipation properties

Alloy steel bars possess a unique quality of dissipating heat uniformly. As the result, they offer high-resistance against wear and tear. It is this particular property of the metal that makes it one of the most preferred options in machine and equipment manufacturing plants.

6. Durable and tough

Compared to the other steel variants, alloy steel offers unmatchable durability and optimum strength. Whether it’s for auto parts or machine manufacturing, no other metal can match the versatility, cutting-edge features, and reliability of alloy steels.

Why Does Steel Rust- know the important reasons?

Steel, despite being the most a popular and common material that is used for manufacturing various products around the world has always one common flaw that it rusts. You might have seen the red or brown color flaky material on the old buildings; bridges have been in the open atmosphere for a long time. Steel is not considered the only metal that often gets rust. There are other things like a coin when kept in the open area for a long time gets rust. But, have you ever thought why does steel rust and why other metals won’t get corrosion resistant?   Well, if you are searching answer for this question then this article is for you.

The article entails you all the reasons for steel getting rust and what makes it corrosion resistant. So, continue reading the article and know why steel gets rust.

Why does steel rust?

Any type of material that is made with iron and is exposed to both water and oxygen gets rust. The reason for its rusting is steel is completely made with iron and it is the man-made manufactured material which is often subjected to rust. However, to know why it gets rust it is important for you to know a bit of chemistry and the periodic table. In the periodic table, after helium, those elements that are having 8 electrons in their outer shell will borrow electrons from other nearby elements so as to achieve the same level of electrons.

For instance, water is made with an oxygen atom that has 6 electrons in the outer shell and 2 atoms of hydrogen that has one electron each. While sharing and borrowing the electrons in the reduction reaction rust (FeO(OH) is created.

How rust is formed?

When steel rusts, it often goes through a chemical reaction which is known as corrosion resistant. In this process steel is exposed to water and air, various types of rusts are formed where the most common one is Fe2O3. Basically, rust often forms on the outside surface of any metal because it needs exposure to water and oxygen to get rust. If you ever find any old metal steel rod that is kept outside for a long time, try to scrub it you will get a brown or red powder and that is what rust.

How fast a metal like steel rusts?

Steel gets rust immediately when it is being exposed to air and moisture. But, how fast it rusts often depends on how much the metal is exposed to water and air. The chemical reaction that mainly causes metal like steel to corrode often it happens instantly but it takes time for one to notice it. Rust will affect the outer surface of the steel while slowly corroding the steel surface.

Steel is also considered as corrosion resistant steel that gets corrode when it is exposed to the outside atmospheric condition. The resistance in steel varies as per their type and in different forms. Hence, we can say that steel gets rust when it is exposed to water and air.

Difference Between Phosphorous Bronze and Silicon Bronze

Phosphorous Bronze

Phosphorous Bronze alloy usually has a tin content ranging from 0.5% to 1.0%, and a Phosphorous  content range of 0.01% to 0.35%. These alloys are noteworthy for their toughness, strength, low coefficient of friction, high fatigue resistance, and fine grain.  The tin content increases the corrosion resistance and tensile strength, while the Phosphorous content increases the wear resistance and stiffness. Some typical end uses for this product would be electrical products, bellows, springs, washers, corrosion-resistant equipment. 

Typical uses in following sectors:-

Architecture:-Bridge bearing plates

1. Fasteners:-Fasteners, cotter pins, lock washers
2. Industrial:-Bourdon tubes, bellows, perforated sheets, chemical hardware, truss wire, springs, sleeve bushing, diaphragms, clutch disks, pressure responsive elements, beater bar, textile machinery, welding rods
3. Electrical:-Resistance wire, fuse clips, electromechanical spring components, electrical flexing contact blades, electrical connectors, electronic connectors, wire brushes, switch parts, electronic and precision instrument parts.

Silicon Bronze

Silicon Bronze is an alloy that can cover both brass and bronze (red silicon brasses and red silicon bronzes). They typically contain 20% zinc and 6% silicon. Red brass has high strength and corrosion resistance and is commonly used for valve stems. Red bronze is very similar but it has lower concentrations of zinc. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of pump and valve components.

Typical uses in the following sectors:-

1. ELECTRICAL: conduit, pole line hardware, motor, rotor bars
2. FASTENERS: bolts, cable clamps, cap screws, machine screws, nuts, rivets, u bolts, fasteners, screws
3. INDUSTRIAL: oil refinery plumbing tube, heat exchanger tube, welding rod, hydraulic pressure lines
4. MARINE: hardware

Source: http://www.supermetalind.com

Application of Different Types of Bars

Steel bars have an unbelievably wide variety of uses for many different industries. A wide range of alloy composition types can comprise steel making it a very versatile material for use in producing alloy steel bars and stainless steel bars.

Steel bars are used in a variety of industries such as the cement industries, military equipment, shipbuilding, part machining processing, technology related, paper industries, and other types of architecturally related businesses. Steel bars applications depend on the type of bars needed and come in various sizes and shapes.

Application of different Types of Bars

Use steel flat bar types

Stainless Steel flat bars are used as brackets, base plates, braces, ornamental work, and other such uses. The steel bar distributors provide various thicknesses ranging from 1/8 inch by 1/2 inch to 3 inches by 6 inches.

Use of stainless steel round bars

Stainless steel round bars have one vital factor going for them: they are made from stainless steel. Stainless steel is corrosion resistant and the stainless steel which has higher alloy content is able to withstand the onslaught of acids, "chlorine bearing environments" as well as solutions containing alkaline. Because of this resistant, some of the uses of stainless steel bars are in machining, fasteners, grills, and construction.

Use the steel square bar

Steel square bars due to its shape are often used to manufacture other items. Furniture makers use square steel bars to make metal furniture; fasteners manufacturers use stainless steel square bars to manufacture bolts, nuts, screws and more. Steel square bars can be manufactured in various sizes as per client’s requirements.

Use hexagonal and channel steel bars

Hexagonal and channel steel bars have applications in the construction industry, and can also be sized according to the company's needs. Its application is more general-purpose. Channel steel bars, which come in shapes like I beams, H beams and C beams, are the backbones of buildings and ships and other structures. They are designed to hold weight.

Hastelloy and Incoloy: Fasteners for Oil Field Corrosion

Oilfields are exposed to a wide variety of corrosive elements including carbonic acids, sour gas (H2S), and hydraulic fracturing/stimulant acids such as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. Naphthenic acids and simple organic acids are also found in crude oil extraction. In addition to acids, these environments contain sand and other tough components which cause erosion and thereby speeding up corrosion via erosion-corrosion. Water flooding, elevated temperatures, and extreme pressures also contribute to this corrosive environment. Stainless steels such as 304 and 316 often cannot handle these extremely corrosive conditions and specialty nickel alloys are needed. In this blog, we will discuss the benefits of specialty alloy fasteners that are important to prevent oil field corrosion and minimize failures.

The Hastelloy family of nickel alloy is generally employed to prevent oil field corrosion. Hastelloy C276 bolting is used sour gas oil field situations and can be used to 8,000 psi H2S and 400°F.

Sulfur has been found to cause severe pitting and catastrophic cracking even among many nickel alloys. This is another example where Hastelloy C276 fasteners perform very well through their ability to prevent sulfur-induced stress cracking. This is particularly important for fasteners that perform critical applications as a relatively small amount of corrosion can cause fasteners to fail. C276 also provides excellent protection to carbonic acid, organic acid, and water-related corrosion. It is also resistant to CO2 related corrosion which can be common in wells.

Hydrochloric acid found in hydraulic fracturing and well stimulants is also another corrosive element where Hastelloy can be useful. Hastelloy C276 bolts are resistant to all concentrations of hydrochloric acid at room temperature and can be employed successfully up to about 120°F. For more extreme temperatures and concentrations of HCl, materials like Hastelloy C2000 and tantalum should be used.

Incoloy 825 and 925 are common choices for sour gas well corrosion protection even at elevated temperatures. Incoloy 825 provides excellent resistance to sour gas with Incoloy 925 bolts being ideal when a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance is needed. The high strength (167.3 ksi tensile strength) of Incoloy 925 bolts are ideal for high-pressure processes often encountered downhole. Incoloy 925 bolts also help protect from chloride related corrosion that can occur as well.

The hydrofluoric acid used in hydraulic fracturing is one of the corrosive elements – even eating through solid tantalum which is inert to most all acids. To curb Hydrofluoric acid, we recommend using Monel 400 or Hastelloy C2000. These are among the very few materials that can handle this environment.

Brief on Steel Angle Bars

Steel angle is a form of structural steel having an 'L' shaped cross section and two legs. The legs could be equal or unequal and the angle maybe 45degree or 90 degrees. They are available in the market in varied dimensions with customized sizes. Different materials are used to make angles depending upon the properties desired in the finished product but generally, angles are produced by high strength low alloy steel or hot-rolled carbon steel. Accordingly, you have mild carbon angle, high strength low alloy carbon angle etc. Based on the surface treatment angles can also be classified into hot-dip galvanized and painted or black (no treatment) category. Coatings are smeared on to the angles to enhance the critical temperature of steel. With a change in the composition of the alloy, the steel's thermal properties will also change. Carbon steels are generally used for constructional shapes plates, pipes, and tubing. High strength low alloy steels have the same uses in addition to being used for W shapes.

The process used for bending steel varies depending upon the requirements. Angled steel as mentioned above holds a place of significance in several constructions and engineering projects and hence the angle produced has to be the exact size. Various calculations are undertaken to ensure that the resultant product is of the desired quality.

The uses of stainless steel angles are listed below:

• Daily living items use: They are used in Day-to-Day items such as bed frames, benches, chairs, fencing posts, coffee tables, frames for supporting air conditioner etc.

• Supporting and constructional uses: The applications include bridges, shelves, warehouses, cable towers, communication towers, power towers, equipment etc.

The reliable performance and low cost of angles make it a popular component in all the applications. Quality considerations hold top importance in its manufacture. As it is widely used in many structural projects, lack of good quality products will diminish the life of the structure whereas angles of high quality and strength will ensure the durability of all the applications. Most of the constructional steel projects fail due to weak connections; like at places where a beam connects to a column or where the beam connects to a joist and so on. Therefore, choosing a reliable manufacturer is of supreme importance. A trustworthy store will stock varied sizes of unequal angles, stainless steel round bars, alloy steel plates and all other steel forms that are required for your structural and day to day projects.

Stainless steel plates also offer the advantage of high workability, that is, they can be easily used in machining, stamping, welding and fabricating.