Carbon Steel and Types of Carbon Steel

WHAT IS CARBON STEEL?

Plain-carbon steel or Carbon Steel is a metal alloy. It’s a mixture of two components, iron and carbon. Other components are present in small quantities to have an effect on its properties. The only different components used in plain-carbon steel are: manganese (1.65% max), silicon (0.60% max), and copper (0.60% max). Steel with low carbon content has similar properties as iron, soft but easily formed. With a lot of carbon, the metal gains hardness and strength but becomes less ductile and harder to weld. Higher carbon content lowers the steel's melting point and its temperature resistance gradually.

TYPES OF CARBON STEEL

• Mild (low carbon) steel: around 0.05% to 0.25% carbon content with up to 0.4% manganese content (for example AISI 1018 steel). Less solid yet modest and simple to shape; surface hardness can be expanded through carburizing
• Medium carbon steel: approximately 0.29% to 0.54% carbon content with 0.60 to 1.65% manganese content (e.g. AISI 1040 steel). Equalizations flexibility and quality and has nice wear opposition; utilized for expansive components, making and vehicle components.
• High carbon steel: around 0.55% to 0.95% carbon content with zero.30 to 0.90% metallic component content. Extremely solid, utilized for springs and high-quality wires.
• Very High carbon steel: around 0.96% to 2.1% carbon content, extraordinarily handled to create explicit nuclear and atomic microstructures.

Steel might be heat treated which enables parts to be made-up in an effectively formable delicate stage. If enough carbon is available, the combination will be solidified to broaden quality, wear, and effective resistance. Steels are generally framed by cool working ways, which is the molding of metal through deformation at a low balance or temperature.

HEAT TREATMENTS

The purpose of heat treating plain-carbon steel is to change the mechanical properties of steel, usually ductility, hardness, yield strength, and impact resistance.

Different Industrial Applications of Stainless Steel Pipe

Oil and Gas

In the oil and gas industries technology plays a massively vital role. Over the past few years, the requirement for corrosion-resistant piping has enhanced because the depths we probe for oil deepens and a lot of pressure is being placed on pipes we use. This harsh environment is improbably corrosive and if the damage is left unchecked, the pipes would easily burst and become unusable for deeper depths. This is why it’s vital to own durable pipes in the oil and gas industry and how it plays such a huge role in the success of this industry.

Nuclear Power

Nowadays all of the nuclear reactors we use heat water to produce steam that is then accustomed spin turbines that provide us with energy and most of them are placed near the coast because of the cooling requirements. It is very difficult to obtain usable energy from atomic nuclei. As such, a lot of the water being pumped in to cool down these reactors is from the sea, and it must be resistant to the corrosive nature of seawater. Stainless steel pipe is more than qualified to defend against corrosion from seawater, therefore its importance in the nuclear power industry.

LNG

LNG (liquefied natural gas) is gas that has been temporarily regenerating into a liquid form for the sake of transportation. Its volume is greatly reduced to make it easy and cost effective to transport. In some cases, transporting natural gas via pipelines isn’t possible or low-cost enough to be worth the cost that is why it’s instead transported via a liquid form in cryogenic sea vessels and road tankers. As such, it’s vital to have the proper piping that provides safe and economical LNG transport to deliver natural gas to parts of the country or world that are difficult to reach.

Desalination

Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from a source of water. This is done to convert water into fresh water that’s appropriate humans to use or probably irrigation. In most cases, salt is made as a by-product and desalination are used on several submarines and ships. Today, desalination is often spoken about when trying to bring fresh potable water to regions of the world where it’s difficult. saltwater and metals usually don’t combine very well, thus the importance of getting piping in the desalination industry that is able to withstand the natural corrosive properties of salt water.

Mining and Minerals

Mining is the process of extracting materials from the earth. The materials covered are usually in the form of metals both precious and non-precious and the process is something that has been done for 1000s of years to acquire advantageous resources. Stainless steel has made mining industry easier and more profitable to take on larger operations. Whether it’s used in the actual mines itself where staff and machines dig at the earth or in the bunk beds and mess halls where workers sleep, it’s used in a variety of applications to provide safety and reliability.

Lanco Pipes is one such manufacturer of Stainless Steel Pipes available in various grades such as 304, 310, 316, 321 and so on we supply and export these pipes at reasonable rates.

Uses of Nickel Alloy Pipes

Bhansalioverseas is offering a wide comprehensive range of nickel 200 pipes. The product is manufactured by using superior quality of the alloy. All types of welded and seamless pipe are available. It is available in different specifications varying in sizes, thickness, length, dimensions, standards, and forms etc. as buyers needs. Today it is found to be used in different application industries like sugar mills, chemical plants, oil refineries, fertilizers plants, and petrochemicals plants.

Nickel 200 alloy is a solid solution strengthened and high commercially pure wrought material. No doubt the alloy is possessing excellent mechanical properties over several ranges of temperature. Also, it is having excellent resistance to various corrosives, especially in hydroxides. The alloy is highly resistant to several reducing chemicals and is greatly résistance to the caustic alkalis. It has a greater electrical conductivity and excellent résistance to corrosion to natural and distilled water.

The resistance to alkalis and neutral salt solution is making it good for various applications. It has excellent résistance ability to dry fluorine. This alloy offers resistance to hydrochloric and sulfuric acid at various concentration and temperature.  The good thermal, magnetostrictive properties are enhancing its qualities.

Uses of nickel alloy pipes-

The superiority in the quality of Nickel 200 Pipes is making it the ideal choice for various applications. It is thus today found used for various purposes. It is like aircraft turbines, petrochemical industry, medical engineering, nuclear power plants, and steam turbine power plants.

Advantages-

Ø  Resistance to heat- Nickel alloy is enduring high conditions and temperature as well. Likewise, the nickel-chromium alloy that is comprised of more than 15% of chromium is used at a greater temperature that is above 760 Deg C. This ability of easily withstanding high heat Nickel 200 pipes to be used continuously for a longer time in the structures that are producing high temperature.

Ø  Resistance to corrosion- When a metal is encountering oxygen, they are undergoing high resistance to corrosion. This, in turn, is causing corrosion. Nickel is having a slower rate of oxidation, making the nickel alloy high corrosion resistant. This is allowing them in maintaining the integrity for the longest time, particularly in the marine atmosphere wherein the corrosion is problematic.

Ø  Shape memory- Often a metallic material required that could return to old shape when is experiencing heat. Such material is shaped memory alloy. Some of the nickel alloys are having this feature.

Ø  Low expansion- Some of the nickel alloys is having the lower rate of thermal expansions or consistent expansion pattern at a particular range of temperature. This is making those useful when needed pipe that could maintain uniformity in size and shape even at high temperature.

Testing it passes-

Before the delivering of the nickel 200 pipes, it is checked using various effective testing in the industry. The main purpose of testing is to assure defect-free and high quality of pipes supplying. The testing done is IGC test, PMI test, hardness test, chemical test, flaring test, pitting resistance test, flaring test, mechanical test, macro/micro test etc.

For the buyer seeking to get nickel 200 pipes of good quality can have the deal with Bhansalioverseas as they are specialized in offering such product. They as having good years of experience can serve you the best. 

Stainless steel flanges- types you should know about it

Including the stainless steel, flanges are for the upcoming project to assure the best outcome. Stainless steel flanges doubtlessly are fully resistant to corrosion and show greater tensile strength for the plan of industrial piping. Considering ordering the high-pressure Stainless Steel 304 Flanges for the greater temperature and for pressure treatment that complies with API, ANSI, ASME and ASTM standards and will be beneficial.

The flanges that meet with API standards can easily withstand high temperatures and high pressure. The major difference in between flanges the one meeting with ANSI and ASME standards and one meeting API standards is material used that could easily withstand in greater pressure surrounding. They are used more efficiently in dealing with oil and gas. When working with steam, water, and air in the industrial setting, ANSI/ASME flanges are high in common.

Here are the types of SS flanges-

1.       Ring-type joint flanges- These types of flanges can be helpful in high-pressure applications for preventing leakages. The flanges are having the unique groove that can easily be compressed to slip-on, weldneck or blind flanges. This flange also allows a pipe to easily withstand high temperature and high pressure.

2.       Threaded pipe flanges- This flange is beneficial to use because there is no need to weld those flanges to the pipes as they are having the outer thread. These are used commonly for the small diameter project and with greater pressure.

3.       Lap joint flanges- Such flanges are used in conjunction with Taft or stub. As it can be assembled easily and aligned, it can be used in applications requires frequent reassembling and also low-pressure applications.

4.       Weldneck flanges- It is creating a smooth and matching the bevel and thickness of pipes. With the diameter that matches from the pipe inside, they function by transferring pressure to the pipes from the flanges. They are used typically for the greater pressure applications and this flanges style is one of the most commonly used one.

5.       Slip-On flanges- The slip-on flanges are available in big or small sizes and are least expensive. They have the diameter that is the little bit larger than pipes, letting them easily slip over the pipe directly. Once slipping on they are fillet welded. The two kinds of slip-on flanges are hub flanges and ring flanges that differ from the size specifications.

6.       Blind flanges- these flanges are also called as blanking flanges used for sealing pumps, valves, and pipelines for the prevention of flow. They are also right for testing the gas or liquid pressure or even gas flow via the pipe and it can be used as inspection cover. These flanges can be managed easily and can also be reversed that allow expansions.

7.       Socket-weld flanges- It is used in smaller pipe, high-pressure applications. The pipe is inserted to socket and fillet welded that allows smooth flow of liquid and gas through the pipes.

These are a few types of stainless steel flanges about which you need to know. Katariyasteel reliable supplier is offering greater pressure Stainless Steel 310 Flanges that include slip-on and weldneck flanges. All these easily meet API, ASTM, ANSI, and ASME standards. 

5 Ways in Which Steel Channel is Commonly Used

The structural channel, also known as a C-beam, is a type of beam, used majorly in building construction and civil engineering. Its cross section consists of a wide "web", usually but not always oriented vertically, and two "flanges" at the top and bottom, only sticking out on one side of the web. It is differentiated from I-beam or H-beam or W-beam type steel cross sections in that those have flanges on both sides.

Steel Channels has several uses, principally structural, and here are a number of common examples:

WALL

Steel channel is commonly used to build walls for things like garages, warehouses, workshops, and different metal buildings, wherever they're used like studs in standard wood framing. The studs bear the vertical load of the building by running vertically from the bottom plate of the wall to the top plate. Compared to a wood stud, steel channel can support a way larger amount of weight and it is rather more rigid, whereas the weight difference between wood studs and the steel channel is negligible. Of course, the steel channel is tougher to put in, because it needs fastening, bolting or riveting, instead of merely driving nails.

ROOFS

On light-duty roofs, steel channel can be used as rafters, running from the overhang of the roof to the ridge, where they provide support for the roof deck. By using a steel channel rather than wood rafters, the rafters can be smaller and lighter, whereas still supporting a similar quantity of weight. Compared to wood, the steel channel is stronger and longer-lasting, and it will not be damaged by rot, fungus decay or moisture, On heavy-duty roofs, I-beams are usually used because the rafters and the ridge, and steel channel is placed perpendicularly on top of the rafters each few feet, from the ridge all the way down to the eave. This enables the steel channel to bridge the gaps between the rafters, permitting them to be further apart and provides an attachment point for the steel deck.

WINDOW AND DOOR FRAMES

Steel channel can be used to produce secure frames for windows and doors in both metal and wood-framed buildings. Four pieces are cut with miter joints on every end, and the channel slides over the wall in the window or door opening. This leaves a flat surface in the opening to mount a door or window to, and it's rather more secure than frames made of wood. Steel channel is commonly used to produce the frames for commercial fire doors, as well as sub-grade basement doors.

WOOD BEAM SUPPORTS

When extra strength is required in a wood-framed building, steel channel can be used to increase the rigidity and strength of wooden beams. Wood beams can be placed inside an oversized steel channel, providing further strength, whereas still permitting easy attachment of joists and other parts to the wood beam. As an alternative, smaller steel channel will be placed at the bottom of the beam and supported by posts, to extend the strength of an existing beam during a transform. It might even be placed on top of the beam as a cap, to provide further strength during the development of a home.

VEHICLE FRAMES

Steel channel is commonly used to construct the frames of vehicles and is usually specially-formed for that specific function. Heavy-duty steel channel is often used to produce the main frame rails, running from the front of the vehicle to the back. Lighter steel channel may be used to produce cross members, braces or for structural parts like radiator supports. When employed in a vehicle, steel channel provides enough strength and rigidity to prevent the vehicle from flexing too much, while still allowing a small amount of movement to atone for the force produced by the engine.

Steel channel will be used for several different structures moreover, like railings, step stringers, bridge trusses or guard rails. It’s a flexible product that's robust, light, and comparatively maintenance-free.

The Benefits of Structural Steel Buildings

Structural steel is used in some shape or form in almost any type of structure. In today’s modern architecture, steel is a primary feature because of its adaptability and it’s Sustainability. It is widely recognized as one of the most Cost-effective materials in the construction of structures making it the material of choice within the industry. It is strong, recyclable and durable. Structural steel offers structures more light, space and the option of modification if required.

Advantages of Structural Steel Buildings

The use of steel in the building industry has escalated largely. Its prevalence is noticeable in the steel share market price for single-storey industrial buildings and non-residential buildings which have increased considerably.

There are many reasons why steel is an excellent material for structural erection. A few benefits include:

• Cost-effectiveness

• Speedy construction

• Flexibility and adaptability

• Service integration

• Quality and safety

• Sustainability

These 6 Steel Infrastructure Benefits Explained...

Value for Money

The structure of a building accounts for approximately 10-15% of the overall construction costs. It’s clear that choosing the right infrastructure in a competitive market is paramount. It was found that steel framed solutions can reduce building structure costs of up to 6% when compared to using concrete framed buildings – this can make you huge savings.

Speedy Construction

Steel construction involves pre-manufactured items that are produced off-site and can be speedily installed on site with minimal problems. This creates an earlier return on investment and other time-related savings that make an excellent influence on profitability.

Flexibility and Adaptability

Structural steel is often the preferred material used by Architects and Builders due to its durability and flexibility that allows freedom when designing structures. Structural steel can help maximize space in a structure, as it requires less room than other materials such as concrete. The benefit this is the structure can be easily subdivided or altered in any way that changing circumstances require. Structural steel framed buildings can be readily upgraded or refurbished for a change of use, with new facades and other architectural features added with ease.

Service Integration

One of the primary advantages of using a steel structure is in the ability to create more space. Mechanical ventilation for commercial buildings can be easily integrated without taking from the original layout and depth of floors. This can be particularly advantageous when building height restrictions is a major concern.

Quality and Safety

Most, if not all, steel structures are pre-fabricated meaning they are manufactured under controlled factory environments. This means that quality is assured as variables such as the weather are not affecting the property.

Sustainability

All steel structures stick to high environmental standards and achieve low functional carbon targets. Structural steel is acknowledged as one of the most reasonable materials available and is recyclable. In fact, over 80% of steel is recycled in the manufacturing process making it reusable time and time again without impacting its quality and durability.

Facts About Manganese Steel

Manganese Steel is also known as Hadfield steel or mangalloy, it is a kind of steel that contains 12 to 14% manganese. This kind of steel is described as work hardening, high impact strength, resistance to abrasion and others. Due to its hardening properties, this kind of steel is mainly used in the mining industry for various reasons like cement mixers, rock crushers, crawler thirds for tractors, elevators etc as well as in the railway industry and other applications that require high impact features. Today manganese steel is often used in bulletproof cabinets and anti-drill plates etc.

Properties of Manganese Steel:

Manganese Steel is non – magnetic in nature, it has wear resistance, increased hardness, and ductility, and this alloy steel is superior to low carbon grades steel. These steel also has good tensile strength, yield strength, and has high strength at low temperatures making it usable in cryogenic temperature applications. Today manganese steel has played an important role in modern industrial applications due to its unique properties. Due to its non-magnetic property, this steel is an ideal use for electric transformer assemblies and also for industrial lifting magnets.

How to cut or machine Manganese Steel?

As mention above it is not easily machined this Manganese Steel is facing difficulty during machining and this metal cannot be softened by annealing and hardens undercutting and grinding tools, it often requires special tools for machining. This steel can be drilled by using a diamond or carbide and it can be forged from the heating process. It can be cut by using an oxy-acetylene torch, but the most preferable method used is plasma cutting and laser cutting.

How to weld Manganese Steel?

Manganese Steel can be easily welded but you have to keep eye on heating and cold process in order to avoid cracking of the metals. It is because of the toxic nature of the weld fumes, it is necessary to protect yourself accordingly. Usually, an interpass temperature of below 500 F is recommended by an expert to use it during welding.

Know the applications of Manganese Steel:

Nowadays manganese is vital constituent for steel alloy as you know it provides various features to the steel. Generally, Manganese Steel is used in making of steel and plates materials. Some of the applications of Manganese Steel are discussed below:

·         It is basically used to design prison bars and now often use to make bulletproofs cabinets.

·         Manganese Steel has a low coefficient of friction and that makes it useful in repair scarps item from metal to metal applications.

·         Used in automotive industries in shot blasting equipment.

Some major features of Manganese Steel:

Manganese is used to increase the mechanical properties of steel and it contributes to enhancing the overall strength and hardness. Manganese improves the machinability and it also acts as an active deoxidizer. It also provides high yield strength when combining with the sulfur in the steel alloy and reduces the formation of iron pyrite that causes steel to crack and teat during high temperature rolling.

These are some Facts about Manganese Steel and it is widely used today in a wide range of applications.